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Compare Tonga (2001) - Trinidad and Tobago (2002)
Compare Tonga (2001) z Trinidad and Tobago (2002)
| Tonga (2001) | Trinidad and Tobago (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u | 8 counties, 3 municipalities*, and 1 ward**; Arima*, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando*, Tobago**, Victoria |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
40.93% (male 21,739; female 20,916) 15-64 years: 54.99% (male 28,231; female 29,082) 65 years and over: 4.08% (male 1,912; female 2,347) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 23% (male 136,807; female 131,177)
15-64 years: 70.2% (male 419,847; female 396,643) 65 years and over: 6.8% (male 35,146; female 44,104) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish | cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry |
| Airports | 6 (2000 est.) | 6 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 3
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Area | total:
748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km |
total: 5,128 sq km
land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | four times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Delaware |
| Background | The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. | The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing. |
| Birth rate | 23.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 13.66 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$49 million expenditures: $120 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY96/97 est.) |
revenues: $1.54 billion
expenditures: $1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (1998) (1998) |
| Capital | Nuku'alofa | Port-of-Spain |
| Climate | tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) | tropical; rainy season (June to December) |
| Coastline | 419 km | 362 km |
| Constitution | 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 | 1 August 1976 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands |
conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago |
| Currency | pa'anga (TOP) | Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD) |
| Death rate | 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 8.81 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $62 million (1998) | $2.2 billion (2000 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga | chief of mission: Ambassador Roy L. AUSTIN
embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain telephone: [1] (868) 622-6371 through 6376 FAX: [1] (868) 628-5462 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | Tonga does not have an embassy in the US; Ambassador Fetu'utolo TUPOU, resides in London; address: Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Tonga High Commission, 36 Molyneux Street, London W1H 6AB, telephone [44] (171) 724-5828, FAX [44] (171) 723-9074
consulate(s) general: San Francisco |
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Mackisack LOGIE
chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490 FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $38.8 million (1995) | $24 million (1999 est.) |
| Economy - overview | Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods, which contributes 30% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The industrial sector accounts for only 10% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings. The country remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. | Trinidad and Tobago has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. A leading performer in the past 4 years has been the booming natural gas sector. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The expected recovery of the global economy, along with anticipated higher oil prices, are plus factors for 2002. Negative factors are persistent high unemployment and the political uncertainties following the contentious selection of a new government in December 2001. |
| Electricity - consumption | 32.6 million kWh (1999) | 4.792 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 35 million kWh (1999) | 5.153 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m |
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations | water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian, Europeans about 300 | black 39.5%, East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2% |
| Exchange rates | pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9885 (January 2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997), 1.2323 (1996) | Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2466 (January 2002), 6.2332 (2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999), 6.2983 (1998), 6.2517 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965) head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch and the Cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch |
chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 14 February 2003 (next to be held NA 2006); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 43% |
| Exports | $8 million (f.o.b., 1998) | $4.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | squash, fish, vanilla beans | petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers |
| Exports - partners | Japan 53%, US 18%, NZ 6%, Australia 6% (1997 est.) | US 45.9%, Caricom countries 26.1%, Latin America 9.5%, EU 5.7% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 October - 30 September |
| Flag description | red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner | red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $10.6 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
30% industry: 10% services: 60% (1997) |
agriculture: 2%
industry: 43% services: 55% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $9,000 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 5% (2000 est.) | 4% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 20 00 S, 175 00 W | 11 00 N, 61 00 W |
| Geography - note | archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited) | Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt |
| Highways | total:
680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1996) |
total: 8,320 km
paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis |
| Imports | $69 million (f.o.b., 1998) | $3.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals | machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals |
| Imports - partners | NZ 30%, Australia 19%, US 11%, UK 11%, Japan 3% (1997 est.) | US 39.8%, Venezuela 11.9%, EU 11%, Caricom 4.8% (1999) |
| Independence | 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) | 31 August 1962 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 8.6% (FY98/99) | 4.2% (2001) (2001) |
| Industries | tourism, fishing | petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles |
| Infant mortality rate | 14.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 7% (2000 est.) | 5.6% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) | ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 17 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 30 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) | Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London |
| Labor force | 34,000 (FY96/97) | 564,000 (2000) (2000) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 65% (1997 est.) | construction and utilities 12%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 10%, services 64% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
24% permanent crops: 43% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 11% other: 16% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 14.62%
permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Tongan, English | English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese |
| Legal system | based on English law | based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held NA March 1999 (next to be held NA 2002) election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 40%; seats - pro-democratic 5, traditionalist 4 |
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; members appointed by the president for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2007) election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - PNM 55.5%, UNC 44.5%; seats by party - PNM 20, UNC 16 note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly, with 15 members serving four-year terms |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
68.25 years male: 65.83 years female: 70.78 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 68.59 years
male: 66.04 years female: 71.25 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94% (2000) male: 95.9% (1999) female: 91.7% (1999) |
| Location | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela |
| Map references | Oceania | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,626 GRT/29,468 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,910 GRT/7,546 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: United States 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military branches | Tonga Defense Services (includes Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Maritime Force, Police); note - a new Air Wing which will be subordinate to the Defense Ministry is being developed | Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (including Ground Force, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | $90 million (1999) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | 1.4% (1999) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 347,831 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 248,324 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 4 June (1970) | Independence Day, 31 August (1962) |
| Nationality | noun:
Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan |
noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)
adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian |
| Natural hazards | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou | outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms |
| Natural resources | fish, fertile soil | petroleum, natural gas, asphalt |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | -10.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km |
| Political parties and leaders | Human Rights and Democracy Movement [Huliki WATAB, chairman, Viliami FUKOFUKA, president, 'Akilisi POHIVA, vice president] | National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Hochoy CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TUN [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Pro-Democracy and Human Rights Movement [leader NA] | Jamaat-al Musilmeen [Yasin BAKR] |
| Population | 104,227 (July 2001 est.) | 1,163,724 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 21% (1992 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 1.79% (2001 est.) | -0.52% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai | Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) | AM 2, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 61,000 (1997) | 680,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; common carrier railway service was discontinued in 1968 (2001) |
| Religions | Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) | Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
general assessment: excellent international service; good local service
domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 8,000 (1996) | 252,000 (1999) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 302 (1996) | 17,411 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (2001) | 4 (1997) |
| Terrain | most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base | mostly plains with some hills and low mountains |
| Total fertility rate | 3 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 1.8 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 13.3% (FY96/97) | 11.8% (2001) (2001) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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